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Middle School | Who Gets to Decide? The Commerce Clause and the Balance of Federal Power

This lesson, based on Balancing State and Federal Power: The Constitution’s Commerce Clause, introduces students to the Commerce Clause as a foundation of federal power and a key source of ongoing debate between state and federal governments. The lesson emphasizes: 

  • The basic structure of the U.S. Constitution and Article I 
  • How the Constitution divides power between state and federal governments 
  • The idea that laws and interpretations can change over time 
  • How commerce (trade and economic activity) affects everyday life

*Developed by Nicole Johnston, an experienced history educator and instructional leader in New Jersey.

Lesson Materials

→ Download Lesson Plan

→ Download Student Handouts

→ Download Teacher Script