In Korematsu v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court finds post-Pearl Harbor restrictive measures, including internment camps, to be constitutional. The Court upholds the conviction of Fred Korematsu, a Japanese American citizen who refused to comply with a relocation order. The Court says compulsory exclusion is justified in times of “emergency and peril.” Justice Frank Murphy, one of three dissenters, says the internment order was the “legalization of racism.” The Court decides that Japanese Americans may have divided loyalties during wartime and that their segregation is necessary to protect national security.