Timelines
Race and Education

  • 1849
    … Parents Challenge Mass. School Segregation Laws

  • 1865
    … Freedmen's Bureau Set Up To Aid Former Slaves

  • 1896
    … Court Upholds 'Separate But Equal'

  • 1908
    … Kentucky Law Prohibiting Integrated Schools Upheld

  • 1909
    … NAACP Is Founded

  • 1938
    … NAACP Wins Law School Admissions Challenge

  • 1948
    … Court Rules Separate Law Program Is Not Equal

  • 1950
    … Court Rejects Segregated Texas Law School

  • 1954
    … 'Separate But Equal' Education Ruled Unconstitutional
    … Due Process Clause Used In School Segregation Case

  • 1955
    … Court Addresses Remedies For School Desegregation

  • 1957
    … Ark. Governor Defies Desegregation Order
    … First Civil Rights Bill Since 1875 Passed

  • 1958
    … Court Denies Arkansas Challenge To Integration Order

  • 1960
    … University Of Mississippi Is Integrated

  • 1962
    … State Universities In S. Carolina, Alabama Integrate

  • 1971
    … Schools That Get Federal Funds Cannot Discriminate
    … Busing Is Upheld As Acceptable Integration Strategy
    … Court-Ordered School Desegregation Upheld

  • 1992
    … Appeals Court Extends Supervision Of Topeka Schools

  • 1995
    … Court Steps Back From Enforcing Integration Orders

  • 1996
    … University Of Texas' Affirmative Action Program Rejected

  • 2000
    … Florida Ends Affirmative Action In Public Education

  • 2003
    … Court Rules On School's Affirmative Action Policies

  • 2004
    … Texas A&M University Abolishes 'Legacy' Admissions

  • 2005
    … Schools For Native Hawaiians Lose Ruling

  • 2007
    … Court Strikes Down Integration Plans